“Tigray is one of the regions of Ethiopia with a very low level of economic and social infrastructures. The region is facing a variety of complex problems ranging from climatic and topographic to the alarming population growth. Chronic food insecurity, high unemployment rate, malnutrition, limited access to basic social and economic services (education, health, water, road etc) are the common features of the region. The temperature of the project area varies depending on the altitude of each site, ranging from 12-35 degrees centigrade. Similarly, the average annual rainfall fluctuates from 200 to 500mm. particularly in most parts of Irob and Saessie-Tsaeda Emba, rainfall is said to be below 400mm per annum. This small amount of rainfall coupled with poor distribution is barely enough to support crop growth. Similarly, the potential source of water found above and below ground is decreasing from time to time. As a result of which community of the target area; especially women and children of the target area have been suffering a lot.
The water well of Adi Daero has been drilled in the “woreda” of Sasietsaeda-emba where the total population is estimated at about 37,763 of which 16,473 are male and 21,290 are female. 9,135 households reside in the area, of which 42.6% is female-headed households. Like the other parts of the woreda, the population of the project area is growing very fast (with an average family size 5). Agro-ecologically the project area has three major climatic zones, dry weinadega (mid-altitude) with altitude rang of 2000- 2600m.a.s.l, dega (highland) with altitude range of 2600 – 2718m.a.s.l and kola (low land) with altitude range of 1270- 1290 m.a.s.l. The average temperature of the area is favourable for human, livestock rearing and crop production. The area is characterized by erratic rainfall. The average annual rainfall ranges from 350 -550 ml. The livelihood of the people in the project area predominantly relies on crop production and livestock rearing. The rain-fed crop production systems together with the backward farming practices contribute their share for the subsistence level of agricultural production in the area